Urban transportation refers to public travel and transportation of passengers and goods on the road (surface, underground, elevated, waterway, ropeway, etc.) system in cities (including urban and suburban areas).

Before human beings used vehicles as transportation, urban public travel was mainly on foot, or by riding livestock or sedan chairs. Goods transfer mostly by shoulder or use of simple means of delivery transport.

After the emergence of vehicles, horse-drawn carriages soon became the main body of urban transportation.

In 1819, public carriages were first introduced in the streets of Paris for the public to rent and ride, and from then on, urban public transportation was created, creating a new era of urban transportation.

Urban transportation construction refers to the planning, design, and construction of transportation infrastructure in urban areas.

This includes roads, highways, bridges, tunnels, railways, airports, and public transportation systems such as buses, subways, and light rail.

Here's a detailed introduction to urban transportation construction:

1. Planning

Urban transportation construction begins with the planning phase, which involves identifying transportation needs, evaluating existing infrastructure, and developing plans for future transportation projects.

This includes conducting traffic studies, identifying high-traffic areas, and analyzing population growth and demographic trends.

2. Design

Once the transportation needs have been identified, the design phase begins.

This involves developing detailed plans for the construction of new infrastructure, including roads, highways, and public transportation systems.

The design phase also includes identifying potential environmental impacts and developing strategies to mitigate them.

3. Construction

The construction phase involves building the transportation infrastructure according to the plans developed during the design phase.

This includes excavation, grading, paving, and installing traffic control devices.

The construction phase may also involve the relocation of utilities, buildings, and other infrastructure to make way for new transportation projects.

4. Maintenance

Once the transportation infrastructure has been built, it requires ongoing maintenance to ensure that it remains safe and functional.

This includes repairing potholes, repaving roads, replacing traffic signs and signals, and maintaining public transportation systems.

5. Funding

Urban transportation construction requires significant funding, which may come from a variety of sources, including federal, state, and local government, private investors, and public-private partnerships.

Funding for transportation construction is often a contentious issue, as it can involve competing priorities and limited resources.

Overall, urban transportation construction is critical for the functioning of a city and the movement of people and goods.

It requires careful planning, design, and construction, as well as ongoing maintenance and investment to ensure that it continues to meet the needs of a growing and changing urban population.